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Elephants, especially young males, test one another's strength by placing their trunks on one another's heads and pushing their opponent down and back. Sparring can range from gentle pushing or trunk-twining in a playful or greeting context, to more boisterous shoving to very rough and aggressive pushing, tusking and even ramming. Sparring typically occurs between males, less frequently between a male and female and rarely between two females. Sparring helps them learn their own strength, build knowledge and develop the skill set they will need as mature males.
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